SAP FICO Tcodes help in the fast execution of programs in the Financial Accounting application of the SAP system. By using these Tcodes, you can easily avoid multiple steps of work which would otherwise be done by navigating through the menu system, which is a time-consuming process.
To understand this more clearly, let us first know what Tcodes are in SAP.
In SAP, Transaction codes are used to access functions or execute ABAP programs in SAP applications for fast processing and execution. Instead of using the menu, the navigation and execution are combined into a single step. These are called as TCodes.
It is very helpful while working in the system. This one is the preferred method of using the SAP application because navigating the menu path is time-consuming and the user needs to remember where to look in the navigation menu path.
Method One – Use System Navigation.
To do this, you need to follow this navigation path:-
SAP Easy Access => Accounting => Financial Accounting => General Ledger=> Master Record => GL Accounts => Centrally
Method Two – Simply use Transaction Code- FS00
Here is a screenshot.
This means, that if you use Tcodes, you shorten your work and save your time. It is equally important to Byheart the frequently used (key) Tcodes, that would even help you more as you don’t need to see the codes again and again.
(It is somehow like using short-cut keys on a keyboard instead of a mouse, to save your time and effort).
If you are working or practising SAP Financial Accounting, you should know the critical Tcodes in SAP FICO. Here is a list of them with their basic use.
You should also learn the most important or frequently used SAP FICO Tcodes for your SAP FICO interview preparation as these are commonly asked in interviews to check your preparedness for real-time work.
If you are an SAP consultant or working towards getting into the SAP sector, you must learn them. Further, if you can by-heart the key Tcodes in SAP FICO, it would be an added advantage.
| SAP FICO TCodes | Fields it is Used For | Description of the Fields |
|---|---|---|
| SPRO | Enter IMG | An implementation guide that adjusts the SAP System to the requirements of a company. |
| OX02 | Company Code – Create, Check, Delete | The company code is the central organizational unit of external accounting within the SAP System. |
| OX03 | Create Business Area | Business Areas are used to differentiate transactions that come from different lines of business in a company. |
| OKBD | Functional Areas | A functional area is an account assignment characteristic that sorts operating expenses according to functions. Example Production, Administration. |
| OB45 | Create Credit Control Area | The organizational unit represents the area where customer credit is awarded and monitored. This can be either a single or for several company codes. |
| OB29 | Maintain Fiscal Year Variant | In SAP the fiscal year is assigned as a variant. Posting periods can further be defined in each fiscal year variant. SAP allows a maximum of 16 posting periods in each fiscal year. |
| OB37 | Assign Co. Code to Fiscal Year Variant | As the Fiscal Year Variant is created at a client level, it is required to assign to the company code. |
| OB13 | Creation of Chart of Account (CoA) | Chart of Account is the list of General Ledger Account Master. Chart of Accounts is defined at the client level and assigned to each company code. |
| OBY7 | Copy Chart of Account (CoA) | |
| OBY9 | Transport Chart of Account | |
| OBD4 | Define Account Group | An account group is segregating or grouping similar accounts into a single group. Each account group in SAP is assigned to a chart of accounts, so we can only use an account group if the controlling areas use the same chart of accounts. |
| OBY2 | Copy GL Accounts from the Chart to Co. Code | |
| OB53 | Define Retained Earnings | Retained Earnings account defines to be used for posting the expenditure and income of the year. It is used to carry forward the balance from the current fiscal year to the next fiscal year. |
| OB58 | Maintain Financial Statement Versions | |
| OBC4 | Maintain Field Status Variant | Field status variant is used to define the fields used for input like a cost centre, profit centre, plant, etc These are entry fields and hidden fields. Field status Variant is a tool that is provided by SAP to assign the same set of properties to more than one object. |
| OBBO | Define Posting Period Variant | SAP Finance posting period variant is used to maintain accounting periods that are open for posting and all closed periods are balanced. This is used for the opening and closing periods in the fiscal year for posting purposes. As it is created client level it is required to assign to the company code. |
| OB17 | Define Document Type & Number Ranges | Document Type in SAP is defined to distinguish business transactions. For example, transactions like customer payment and vendor credit memos are distinguished with two different document types in SAP to identify them in future. |
| OB41 | Maintain Posting Keys | The posting key in SAP is a two digits numerical key that determines the type of transaction entered in a line item. Posting keys in SAP controls the entries in a line item of document entries. |
| OBA4 | Create Tolerance Groups | SAP Tolerance Groups define posting authorizations of users in SAP. These posting permissions define the amounts that certain groups of accounting users are allowed to post. |
| FBN1 | Create GL Number Ranges | Document Numbers uniquely identify every transaction within a fiscal year in a company code. Number ranges for a document type in SAP are used to define how numbers can be assigned to the transaction. |
| OBL1 | Automatic Posting Documentation | |
| FBKP | Automatic Account Assignment | |
| OBYC | MM Automatic Account Assignment | Configuration transaction OBYC creates the core of SAP integration between the MM, FI and Controlling modules in a traditional SAP. Transaction keys are used to determine general ledger accounts used by the system. |
| OBY6 | Enter Global Parameters | |
| FS00 | Creation of GL Master Records | With the transactional app Manage G/L Account Master data, you can display create and edit the master data of G/L accounts. You can also easily add new G/L accounts from scratch or based on existing accounts. |
| F-02 | Posting of GL Transactions | This FI transaction code is used to post any JV entry. |
| FB03 | Display of GL Document | After posting any transaction, the system will generate an accounting document. So, to view that accounting document we can use this SAP FICO TCode FB03. |
| FS10N | Display of GL Accounts | To get the GL total balance. |
| OB46 | Define Interest Calculation Types | |
| OBD3 | Define Vendor Account Group | For creating a vendor master record, we have to specify an account group. Via the Vendor account group, we determine the interval for the account numbers, whether the number is assigned internally by the system or externally by the user. Whether a one-time account. Which fields are ready for input or must fill when creating and changing master records? |
| XK01 | Creation of Vendor Master | By using this SAP FICO TCode, we can create a vendor Master and update, General information, accounting information and Purchasing information. |
| F-43 | Purchase Invoice Posting | How to post one vendor invoice only from an accounting point of view. However, it excludes logistic vendor invoice posting. |
| FK10N | Display Vendor Account | A particular vendor’s total account balance. |
| F112 | Define House Bank | To create one House Bank in SAP ERP. |
| OBB8 | Maintain Terms of Payment (ToP) | To calculate the discount on the Customer/vendor we need to assign payment terms on the master record or document. |
| OBD2 | Creation of Customer Account Group | For creating a customer master record, we have to specify an account group. Further, via the customer account group, we determine the interval for the account numbers, whether the number is assigned internally by the system or externally by the user. Whether a one-time account. Which fields are ready for input or must fill when creating and changing master records? |
| OBA3 | Customer Tolerance Groups | Tolerance Groups contain the details that control the way the system processes the cash discount and payment difference. |
| XD01 | Creation of Customer Master | By using this TCode in SAP FICO, we can create a customer Master and update General information, accounting information and Sales information. |
| FD10N | Display Customer Account | A particular customer’s total account balance. |
| F-28 | Incoming Payment Posting | To process collection from the customer. |
| OB61 | Define Dunning Area | An organizational unit that you use to process the dunning program. For example, By Division, sales Organisation etc. |
| EC08 | Copy Reference Chart of Depreciation (CoD) | |
| OADB | Define Depreciation Area | The depreciation area is used to calculate different values in parallel for each fixed asset for different purposes. |
| OAOB | Assign Chart of Depreciation to Co. Code | |
| OAOA | Define Asset Class | Asset classes are used to classify fixed assets in asset accounting according to the asset types. Also, these are defined at the SAP client level and contain key control parameters. |
| AO90 | Assignment of Account in Asset Class | |
| OAY2 | Determination of Depreciation Area in Asset Class | |
| AS01 | Creation of Asset Master | |
| AS11 | Creation of Sub Asset | |
| F-90 | Asset Purchase Posting | |
| AFAB | Depreciation Run | Calculating depreciation in SAP or depreciation program execution |
| F-92 | Asset Sale Posting | |
| AW01N | Asset Sale Posting |
The above-mentioned are the most frequently used Tcodes in sap fico. However, there are approximately 1000 Tcodes in the whole Financial Accounting. Likewise, the list of all Tcodes in SAP is extensive and huge. Thus, to view the Tcode you need, you can refer to the SAP guide available in the system.
You can get to the list of Tcodes in SAP in two ways.
Follow the path:-
Login in SAP => Easy Access => SAP menu => Accounting =>Financial Accounting=> (Subsequent Sub-module)
Then open the respective sub-module to see its Tcodes. The example below is for Entering G/L Accounting Document which is found in:-
Financial Accounting => General Entry => Document Entry => FB50
Login in SAP => SPRO => SAP Customizing Implementation Guide => Financial Accounting => and Further sub-module
In the below example, you can see the Tcode for Field Status Variant (OBC4):-
Financial Accounting => Financial Accounting Global Settings => Ledgers => Fields => Define Field Status variant (OBC4)
Tcodes are user-friendly tools that help in saving time and effort. Thus, I advise you also to learn and practice the common Tcodes in SAP FICO to get comfortable with their use and to be efficient with them.
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